| Backup | |
| dump -0aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home | make a full backup of directory '/home' |
| dump -1aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home | make a incremental backup of directory '/home' |
| restore -if /tmp/home0.bak | restoring a backup interactively |
| rsync -rogpav --delete /home /tmp | synchronization between directories |
| rsync -rogpav -e ssh --delete /home ip_address:/tmp | rsync via SSH tunnel |
| rsync -az -e ssh --delete ip_addr:/home/public /home/local | synchronize a local directory with a remote directory via ssh and compression |
| rsync -az -e ssh --delete /home/local ip_addr:/home/public | synchronize a remote directory with a local directory via ssh and compression |
| dd bs=1M if=/dev/hda | gzip | ssh user@ip_addr 'dd of=hda.gz' | make a backup of a local hard disk on remote host via ssh |
| dd if=/dev/sda of=/tmp/file1 | backup content of the harddrive to a file |
| tar -Puf backup.tar /home/user | make a incremental backup of directory '/home/user' |
| ( cd /tmp/local/ && tar c . ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/share/ && tar x -p' | copy content of a directory on remote directory via ssh |
| ( tar c /home ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/backup-home && tar x -p' | copy a local directory on remote directory via ssh |
| tar cf - . | (cd /tmp/backup ; tar xf - ) | local copy preserving permits and links from a directory to another |
| find /home/user1 -name \*.txt | xargs cp -av --target-directory=/home/backup/ --parents | find and copy all files with '.txt' extention from a directory to another |
| find /var/log -name *.log | tar cv --files-from=- | bzip2 > log.tar.bz2 | find all files with '.log' extention and make an bzip archive |
| dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1 | make a copy of MBR (Master Boot Record) to floppy |
| dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1 | restore MBR from backup copy saved to floppy |
| CDROM | |
| cdrecord -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/cdrom -eject blank=fast -force | clean a rewritable cdrom |
| mkisofs /dev/cdrom > cd.iso | create an iso image of cdrom on disk |
| mkisofs /dev/cdrom | gzip > cd_iso.gz | create a compressed iso image of cdrom on disk |
| mkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V "Label CD" -iso-level 4 -o ./cd.iso data_cd | create an iso image of a directory |
| cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom cd.iso | burn an ISO image |
| gzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom - | burn a compressed ISO image |
| mount -o loop cd.iso /mnt/iso | mount an ISO image |
| cd-paranoia -B | rip audio tracks from a CD to wav files |
| cd-paranoia -- "-3" | rip first three audio tracks from a CD to wav files |
| cdrecord --scanbus | scan bus to identify the channel scsi |
| dd if=/dev/hdc | md5sum | perform an md5sum on a device, like a CD |
| Networking (LAN and WiFi) | |
| ifconfig eth0 | show configuration of an ethernet network card |
| ifup eth0 | activate an interface 'eth0' |
| ifdown eth0 | disable an interface 'eth0' |
| ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 | configure IP Address |
| ifconfig eth0 promisc | configure 'eth0' in promiscuous mode to gather packets (sniffing) |
| dhclient eth0 | active interface 'eth0' in dhcp mode |
| route -n | show routing table |
| route add -net 0/0 gw IP_Gateway | configura default gateway |
| route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1 | configure static route to reach network '192.168.0.0/16' |
| route del 0/0 gw IP_gateway | remove static route |
| echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward | activate ip routing |
| hostname | show hostname of system |
| host www.example.com | lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa(1) |
| nslookup www.example.com | lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa(2) |
| ip link show | show link status of all interfaces |
| mii-tool eth0 | show link status of 'eth0' |
| ethtool eth0 | show statistics of network card 'eth0' |
| netstat -tup | show all active network connections and their PID |
| netstat -tupl | show all network services listening on the system and their PID |
| tcpdump tcp port 80 | show all HTTP traffic |
| iwlist scan | show wireless networks |
| iwconfig eth1 | show configuration of a wireless network card |
| hostname | show hostname |
| host www.example.com | lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa |
| nslookup www.example.com | lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa |
| whois www.example.com | lookup on Whois database |
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